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Every time people think about what they said (e.g., Was I tactful?), check something they did (e.g., Did I get the correct change?), or decide whether they have finished a task (e.g., Is this note to my daughter clear enough?), they are engaging in metacognition, or thinking about thinking. Metacognition is very important for reading comprehension. This chapter focuses on understanding the role of metacognition in reading, sources of metacognition problems, and ways to remedy these problems—all of which can be powerful tools for improving adults’ reading comprehension. The ability to monitor thinking (metacognitive monitoring, or comprehension monitoring) and to modify one’s thoughts and thinking strategies (metacognitive control) develops gradually and unevenly in different